March | 2020 | JaredEast.com

COVID Mechanisms

Three key factors determine risk of exposure: proximity to people; duration of exposure; and how confined the environment is. The greatest peril lies where the three overlap.

www.ft.com/content/2418ff87-1d41-41b5-b638-38f5164a2e94

A respiratory virus infecting blood cells and circulating through the body is virtually unheard of.

hi Moving air into the lungs, which ventilators help with, is only one part of the equation. The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the blood is just as important to provide the rest of the body with oxygen, and that process relies on functioning blood vessels in the lungs.

Endothelial cells help regulate clot formation by sending out proteins that turn the coagulation system on or off. The cells also help ensure that blood flows smoothly and doesn’t get caught on any rough edges on the blood vessel walls.

In SARS1, the protein that’s required to cleave it is likely present only in the lung environment, so that’s where it can replicate. To my knowledge, it doesn’t really go systemic,” Lee says. “[SARS-CoV-2] is cleaved by a protein called furin, and that’s a big danger because furin is present in all our cells, it’s ubiquitous.”…the difference between SARS and SARS-CoV-2 likely stems from an extra protein each of the viruses requires to activate and spread. Although both viruses dock onto cells through ACE2 receptors, another protein is needed to crack open the virus so its genetic material can get into the infected cell. The additional protein the original SARS virus requires is only present in lung tissue, but the protein for SARS-CoV-2 to activate is present in all cells, especially endothelial cells.

SARS-CoV-2 is thought to enter the body through ACE2 receptors present on the surface of cells that line the respiratory tract in the nose and throat. Once in the lungs, the virus appears to move from the alveoli, the air sacs in the lung, into the blood vessels, which are also rich in ACE2 receptors.

elemental.medium.com/coronavirus-may-be-a-blood-vessel-disease-which-explains-everything-2c4032481ab2

How does coronavirus kill? Clinicians trace a ferocious rampage through the body, from brain to toes | Science | AAAS

“Mangalmurti says she has been “shocked by the fact that we don’t have a huge number of asthmatics” or patients with other respiratory diseases in HUP’s ICU. “It’s very striking to us that risk factors seem to be vascular: diabetes, obesity, age, hypertension.”

www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/how-does-coronavirus-kill-clinicians-trace-ferocious-rampage-through-body-brain-toes

Emerging Mechanisms of Pulmonary Vasoconstriction in SARS-CoV-2-Induced Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and Potential Therapeutic Targets

www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7662604/#__ffn_sectitle

COVID Tracking Sites

www.covidexitstrategy.org

The Atlantic COVID Tracking & Stories

covidtracking.com/

www.theatlantic.com/category/coronavirus-covid-19/

elemental.medium.com/coronavirus/home

How COVID Spreads

WSJ – Delta poses a bigger threat than earlier strains for people spending significant time indoors with other people who are infected, scientists warn

www.wsj.com/articles/the-delta-variant-is-more-contagious-heres-what-it-means-for-you-11627473901

www.latimes.com/world-nation/story/2020-12-09/five-minutes-from-20-feet-away-south-korean-study-shows-perils-of-indoor-dining-for-covid-19

www.thelancet.com/journals/laninf/article/PIIS1473-3099(20)30678-2/fulltext

www.newschannel5.com/news/meharry-ceo-dr-james-hildreth-says-new-research-shows-its-not-safe-to-open-schools

www.nytimes.com/2020/08/11/health/coronavirus-aerosols-indoors

What we now know about how you catch Covid-19: The worst spots are crowded events, poorly ventilated areas and places where people are talking loudly

www.wsj.com/articles/how-exactly-do-you-catch-covid-19-there-is-a-growing-consensus-11592317650

COVID-19 Reference

U of M – Sars-Cov-2 – coagulation abnormalities

labblog.uofmhealth.org/lab-report/new-cause-of-covid-19-blood-clots-identified

WSJ – COVID-19 around for years

www.wsj.com/articles/as-vaccines-raise-hope-cold-reality-dawns-covid-19-is-likely-here-to-stay-11612693803

www.newyorker.com/magazine/2021/01/04/the-plague-year

www.wired.co.uk/article/mrna-coronavirus-vaccine-pfizer-biontech

www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/12/18/947407917/i-felt-fine-but-tested-positive-for-the-coronavirus-whats-that-really-mean

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/12/16/trump-appointee-demanded-herd-immunity-strategy-446408

https://www.economist.com/asia/2020/12/12/the-japanese-authorities-understood-covid-19-better-than-most

https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2020/12/14/covid-genes-illness-severity/

As Trump Seeks to Project Strength, Doctors Disclose Alarming Episodes

At what point does the physician-patient relationship end, and does the commander in chief and subordinate relationship begin, and were those doctors ordered to allow this to happen?” he said, noting that it violated standards of care and would not be an option open to any other patient.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/10/04/us/politics/trump-virus

https://www.forbes.com/sites/stevensalzberg/2020/09/27/why-are-the-covid-19-vaccine-trials-taking-so-long/amp/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/u-k-s-rule-of-six-covid-rule-poses-etiquette-problems-its-just-incredibly-awkward-11601043995

https://coronavirus.medium.com/scientists-identify-genetic-factors-that-may-explain-severe-covid-19-cases-682c083d705d

https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-injects-hundreds-of-thousands-with-experimental-covid-19-vaccines-11599834029

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/09/09/health/coronavirus-brain.html

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0965-6.pdf

https://www.usatoday.com/story/opinion/2020/09/02/covid-19-developing-vaccine-operation-warp-speed-alex-azar-column/5681364002/

https://www.newyorker.com/science/medical-dispatch/we-can-solve-the-coronavirus-test-mess-now-if-we-want-to

https://www.politico.com/news/2020/08/17/trump-scott-atlas-coronavirus-doctor-396741

https://thehill.com/opinion/healthcare/509699-fear-first-education-last

https://popular.info/p/the-corporate-conflicts-of-trumps

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/22/us/school-reopenings-coronavirus-reporting.html

SARS. MERS. Bird Flu. Ebola. Nothing about Covid should have been a surprise, and yet the world was unprepared. “We have a cycle of crisis, and then we become complacent.”

https://www.wsj.com/articles/a-deadly-coronavirus-was-inevitable-why-was-no-one-ready-for-covid-11597325213

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/13/health/coronavirus-contact-tracing-apaches.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/08/07/health/coronavirus-superspreading-contagion.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/31/health/coronavirus-children-camp.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/national-security/how-a-secretive-pentagon-agency-seeded-the-ground-for-a-rapid-coronavirus-cure/2020/07/30/ad1853c4-c778-11ea-a9d3-74640f25b953_story.html

https://www.vanityfair.com/news/2020/07/how-jared-kushners-secret-testing-plan-went-poof-into-thin-air

TeleTracking Technologies Awarded Coronavirus Data Contract in Irregular Process –

https://www.npr.org/2020/07/29/896645314/irregularities-in-covid-reporting-contract-award-process-raises-new-questions

https://www.reuters.com/article/us-health-coronavirus-us-navy/how-a-u-s-navy-base-in-the-gulf-tackles-coronavirus-idUSKCN24S1IF

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-uruguay-paraguay-brazil-argentina/2020/07/20/a7894830-c57c-11ea-a99f-3bbdffb1af38_story.html

https://elemental.medium.com/the-mystery-of-why-some-people-keep-testing-positive-for-covid-19-3c0c11a6bd10

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/baltimore-nursing-home-covid-free/2020/07/23/31bddade-c78a-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html

https://www.navytimes.com/news/your-navy/2020/07/26/navy-reserve-surgeon-back-from-month-of-covid-19-work-in-new-york/

When Is a Coronavirus Test Not a Coronavirus Test?

If it takes 12 days to get results, it’s basically pointless.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/trump-not-solve-coronavirus-crisis/2020/07/26/7fca9a92-cdb0-11ea-91f1-28aca4d833a0_story.html

‘You Do the Right Things, and Still You Get It’

A Texas family tried to ward off the virus. But as cases in the state soared and debates about masks and distancing raged, there was only so much they could control.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/26/us/coronavirus-family-houston-masks.html

Debate in Texas over how to combat mounting Covid-19 cases has left Gov. Greg Abbott bouncing between policies and appeasing no one

https://www.wsj.com/articles/will-texas-shut-down-again-amid-surge-in-covid-19-cases-11595669400

https://mobile.hospimedica.com/covid-19/articles/294783369/covid-19-patients-have-low-oxygen-levels-due-to-damaged-blood-cells-finds-study.html

https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2020/06/200630125129.htm

COVID and “hyperactive” platelets

https://www.buzzfeednews.com/amphtml/stephaniemlee/ioannidis-trump-white-house-coronavirus-lockdowns

https://www.washingtonpost.com/local/baltimore-nursing-home-covid-free/2020/07/23/31bddade-c78a-11ea-b037-f9711f89ee46_story.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/the_americas/coronavirus-uruguay-paraguay-brazil-argentina/2020/07/20/a7894830-c57c-11ea-a99f-3bbdffb1af38_story.html

Sweden’s approach to COVID has led to death, grief and suffering. The only example we’re setting is how not to deal with a deadly infectious disease.25 SWEDISH DOCTORS AND SCIENTISTS |

https://amp.usatoday.com/amp/5472100002

But their ultimate goal was to shift responsibility for leading the fight against the pandemic from the White House to the states. They referred to this as “state authority handoff,”

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/18/us/politics/trump-coronavirus-response-failure-leadership.html

Coronavirus Disease 2019 Case Surveillance — United States, January 22–May 30, 2020

https://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/volumes/69/wr/pdfs/mm6924e2-H.pdf

https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/expert-defends-japan-s-coronavirus-strategy-despite-lack-of-tests-targeting-asymptomatic-carriers-1.629854

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/07/16/upshot/coronavirus-school-reopening-private-public-gap.html

https://www.staradvertiser.com/2020/07/15/breaking-news/profile-of-a-killer-unraveling-the-deadly-new-coronavirus/

The US is buying nearly all the next three months’ projected production of Covid-19 treatment remdesivir from US manufacturer Gilead.

https://www-bbc-com.cdn.ampproject.org/v/s/www.bbc.com/news/amp/world-us-canada-53254487

https://medium.com/@indica/the-plague-states-of-america-53b20678a80e

https://elemental.medium.com/what-covid-19-did-to-my-brain-2c8ee0b64c6e

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/27/world/europe/coronavirus-spread-asymptomatic.html

https://www.washingtonpost.com/science/2020/06/29/coronavirus-mutation-science/

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/28/us/coronavirus-hospital-houston.html

https://www.cbc.ca/news/us-covid-19-surge-canada-1.5628979

https://www.washingtonpost.com/politics/2020/06/26/pences-coronavirus-briefing-picks-up-where-trump-left-off-lots-spin-little-urgency/

https://amp.cnn.com/cnn/2020/06/27/us/michigan-coronavirus-bar-harpers/index.html

Michigan Restaurant – Social Spacing – Outbreak

https://elemental.medium.com/even-if-youre-asymptomatic-the-coronavirus-can-do-damage-4ab22451161a

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/25/upshot/virus-testing-shortfall-arizona.html

https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/report-reveals-miscommunication-missteps-in-handling-of-uss-theodore-roosevelt-virus-outbreak-1.635278

https://www.secnav.navy.mil/foia/readingroom/SitePages/Home.aspx?RootFolder=%2Ffoia%2Freadingroom%2FHotTopics%2FTR%20INVESTIGATION&FolderCTID=0x012000C9F89F68DF40E744A067873ECF6220C0&View=%7B854CB8F6%2D5C90%2D46E6%2DA4A1%2D11FD0F9B23C6%7D

https://medium.com/the-atlantic/the-dudes-who-wont-wear-masks-be8df1a9ec41

COVID insights on empathy

https://coronavirus.medium.com/covid-19-is-a-proving-ground-for-american-empathy-1b58786a18bf

https://www.politico.com/news/magazine/2020/06/19/hawaii-covid-success-story-322919

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/21/world/asia/coronavirus-india-hospitals-pregnant.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/06/how-negative-covid-19-test-can-mislead/613246/

https://www.npr.org/2020/06/19/880564586/whistleblower-tsa-failed-to-protect-staff-endangered-passengers-during-pandemic

https://sites.duke.edu/lawfire/2020/06/17/mackenzie-eaglen-on-5-lessons-the-u-s-military-learned-from-the-pandemic/

https://www.cnn.com/travel/article/iceland-reopens-coronavirus/index.html

Clinical and immunological assessment of asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infections

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41591-020-0965-6.pdf

https://elemental.medium.com/a-reality-check-on-the-coronavirus-vaccine-a0012b2c6954

The one people are hearing a lot about is the mRNA platform,” says Amesh Adalja, MD, a pandemic expert and senior scholar at the Johns Hopkins Center for Health Security.

mRNA stands for “messenger RNA,” a type of molecule that helps convert a DNA’s blueprint into an actual, functional protein molecule. The mRNA platform is designed to isolate a virus’s “gene of interest” — the one that codes for the protein that the immune system reacts to — print its genetic sequence, and then formulate it so that it can be injected into a person, he says. Once injected, the idea is that the body’s cells will take up the mRNA and start making proteins that trigger a protective immune response.

adenovirus platform, which works somewhat like genetic vaccines in that it uses a person’s cells to make proteins that generate an immune response. “With these, you’re infecting people with a known virus, but one with the original genetic payload ripped out and replaced with genetic instructions to make the coronavirus proteins that generate an immune response,”

Tulsa

https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2020/07/coronavirus-banks-collapse/612247/

“The fact that this president, coming out of this event, would single out our city and say, ‘That’s a city that did it the right way, that’s a city that’s reopening the right way,’ and want to come here? I do take it as an honor,” Mr. Bynum said. He added that “any rational person looking at any large group of people” would have concerns about the weekend event, but that it would be up to attendees to wear masks and use hand sanitizer.

https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2020/06/09/first-molecular-profiles-of-covid-19-of-severe-infections/

Here’s what I’m actively tracking (discussion on chemical processes / mechanisms):

“the majority of proteins and metabolites on the list are associated with the suppression or dysregulation of one of three biological processes. Two processes are related to the immune system, including early immune responses and the function of particular scavenging immune cells called macrophages. The third relates to the function of platelets, which are sticky, disc-shaped cell fragments that play an essential role in blood clotting. “

Here’s the context for the quote:

https://directorsblog.nih.gov/2020/06/09/first-molecular-profiles-of-covid-19-of-severe-infections/

This tantalizing possibility comes from a study reported recently in the journal Cell. In this study, researchers took blood samples from people with mild to severe COVID-19 and analyzed them for nearly 2,000 proteins and metabolites [1]. Their detailed analyses turned up hundreds of molecular changes in blood that differentiated milder COVID-19 symptoms from more severe illness. What’s more, they found that they could train a computer to use the most informative of the proteins and predict the disease severity with a high degree of accuracy.

The findings come from the lab of Tiannan Guo, Westlake University, Zhejiang Province, China. His team recognized that, while we’ve learned a lot about the clinical symptoms of COVID-19 and the spread of the illness around the world, much less is known about the condition’s underlying molecular features. It also remains mysterious what distinguishes the 80 percent of symptomatic infected people who recover with little to no need for medical care from the other 20 percent, who suffer from much more serious illness, including respiratory distress requiring oxygen or even more significant medical interventions.

In search of clues, Guo and colleagues analyzed hundreds of molecular changes in blood samples collected from 53 healthy people and 46 people with COVID-19, including 21 with severe disease involving respiratory distress and decreased blood-oxygen levels. Their studies turned up more than 470 proteins and metabolites that differed in people with COVID-19 compared to healthy people. Of those, levels of about 300 were associated with disease severity.

Further analysis revealed that the majority of proteins and metabolites on the list are associated with the suppression or dysregulation of one of three biological processes. Two processes are related to the immune system, including early immune responses and the function of particular scavenging immune cells called macrophages. The third relates to the function of platelets, which are sticky, disc-shaped cell fragments that play an essential role in blood clotting. Such biological insights might help pave the way for potentially effective new ways to treat COVID-19 down the road.

The issue of disease variability “is the most critical question about covid,” said Edward Behrens, chief of the rheumatology division at Children’s Hospital of Philadelphia.

https://www.washingtonpost.com/health/the-ultimate-covid-19-mystery-why-does-it-spare-some-and-kill-others/2020/06/16/f6acc1a0-ab35-11ea-9063-e69bd6520940_story.html

With coronavirus testing, treatments and vaccine trials ramping up, America is far better off than the media report, writes @Mike_Pence

https://www.wsj.com/articles/there-isnt-a-coronavirus-second-wave-11592327890

Beijing cancels hundreds of flights in and out of the capital city as it fights to contain a fresh wave of coronavirus cases

https://www.wsj.com/articles/china-tightens-controls-over-beijing-as-coronavirus-infections-spread-11592405179

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/16/world/europe/dexamethasone-coronavirus-covid.html

https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2020-06-15/don-t-blame-the-public-for-coronavirus-confusion-blame-trump

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/us/politics/pence-coronavirus-governors.html

Oura Rings

https://www.ft.com/content/e3ab6110-b871-4cb4-abec-b195c0a88a9c

https://www.wsj.com/articles/once-pariahs-location-tracking-firms-pitch-themselves-as-covid-sleuths-11592236894

https://www.wsj.com/articles/before-catching-coronavirus-some-peoples-immune-systems-are-already-primed-to-fight-it-11591959600

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/15/world/asia/beijing-coronavirus-outbreak.html

https://www.forbes.com/sites/nicholasreimann/2020/06/14/texas-coronavirus-spike-continues-3rd-straight-day-breaking-hospitalization-record/#4f88bce7c4bb

https://connectingvets.radio.com/articles/fort-benning-confirms-142-covid-19-cases-in-2-battalions

COVID research overwhelming peer review

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/14/health/virus-journals.html

Jennifer Nuzzo on New Zealand Response

https://www.outbreakobservatory.org/outbreakthursday-1/6/11/2020/new-zealand-declares-itself-covid-free

Initial look at Georgia Re-Opening

https://www.vox.com/2020/6/4/21267769/georgia-coronavirus-pandemic-covid-cases-deaths-data

We know that people with no symptoms but who are infected with the virus can and do transmit it to others.” He points to several studies that suggest 40 percent to 60 percent of Covid-19 transmission is in people who don’t have symptoms, whether or not they go on to develop them later. “That’s what’s so unfortunate about the WHO’s statement yesterday.”

“The people running WHO are superb scientists, and I have no questions about their scientific credibility or expertise, but they need to communicate more effectively,”

https://www.vox.com/2020/6/10/21286426/can-asymptomatic-people-spread-coronavirus-who-transmission

https://www.consumerlab.com/m/answers/how-and-where-to-get-tested-for-covid-19/covid-19-tests/

How New York made matters worse: A Wall Street Journal investigation found that policies by state, city and hospital leaders led to grave mistakes in responding to Covid-19.

https://www.wsj.com/articles/how-new-yorks-coronavirus-response-made-the-pandemic-worse-11591908426

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/11/business/coronavirus-california-lockdown-small-business.html

Molecular structure analyses – Nature

https://www.nature.com/articles/s41467-020-16779-4

https://www.nytimes.com/interactive/2020/06/09/magazine/covid-vaccine.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/09/health/fauci-vaccines-coronavirus.html

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/10/world/americas/bolsonaro-coup-coronavirus-brazil.html

https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2020/06/coronavirus-outbreak-wuhan-started-august-study-200609073050938.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2020/06/america-giving-up-on-pandemic/612796/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/08/rural-poor-coronavirus-pandemic-crash-prolonged-lockdown-food-insecurity-seasonal-labor/

https://foreignpolicy.com/2020/06/09/the-staggering-number-the-coronavirus-isnt-going-away/

https://www.wired.com/story/police-tactics-could-turn-protests-into-covid-19-hot-spots/

https://www.bloomberg.com/news/articles/2020-06-08/23andme-provides-more-evidence-that-blood-type-plays-role-in-virus

https://www.militarytimes.com/news/your-military/2020/06/05/defense-department-coronavirus-cases-spiked-this-week-passing-10000/

NYT – Brazil in coronavirus freefall

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/08/opinion/brazil-coronavirus-bolsonaro.html

https://www.stripes.com/news/pacific/expert-defends-japan-s-coronavirus-strategy-despite-lack-of-tests-targeting-asymptomatic-carriers-1.629854

Japanese Govt COVID Site

https://www.mhlw.go.jp/stf/seisakunitsuite/bunya/newpage_00032.html

Eric Topol Twitter Thread – Japan Success

Japan's striking successful strategy of promoting the 3C's, giving out 50 million masks to households, no lockdown, and low level of testing.
You know #BreakTheChain
Now we have #ClusterBusting ( counter to superspreading)
(images via @nataliexdean) pic.twitter.com/dAAoRtTBqv
— Eric Topol (@EricTopol) June 4, 2020

https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/coronavirus-case-counts-are-meaningless/

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/06/covid-19-coronavirus-longterm-symptoms-months/612679/

https://www.axios.com/newsletters/axios-science-7aacdf97-1101-49fc-a08c-e1e730b5252a.html

https://coronavirus.medium.com/the-bizarre-case-of-the-sketchy-covid-19-dataset-ef35ad9d1b0e

https://elemental.medium.com/guidelines-say-covid-19-symptoms-last-two-weeks-survivors-know-better-7a6cab53e624

https://elemental.medium.com/the-science-of-superspreaders-2ceed2b68834

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/02/opinion/coronavirus-superspreaders.html

https://www.seattletimes.com/nation-world/researchers-warn-covid-19-could-cause-debilitating-long-term-illness-in-some-patients/

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/quarantine-fatigue-real-and-shaming-people-wont-help/611482/

https://www.armytimes.com/news/your-army/2020/06/02/army-vaccine-researchers-are-preparing-for-the-possibility-of-new-covid-19-strains/

https://www.theguardian.com/world/2020/jun/03/architect-of-sweden-coronavirus-strategy-admits-too-many-died-anders-tegnell

The C.D.C. Waited ‘Its Entire Existence for This Moment.’ What Went Wrong?

The technology was old, the data poor, the bureaucracy slow, the guidance confusing, the administration not in agreement. The coronavirus shook the world’s premier health agency, creating a loss of confidence and hampering the U.S. response to the crisis.

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/06/03/us/cdc-coronavirus.html

https://www.theatlantic.com/ideas/archive/2020/05/no-one-telling-americans-how-reopen-their-lives/612172/

https://www.wsj.com/articles/so-where-did-the-virus-come-from-11590756909

https://elemental.medium.com/coronavirus-may-be-a-blood-vessel-disease-which-explains-everything-2c4032481ab2

https://theconversation.com/4-ways-covid-19-has-exposed-gaps-in-the-us-social-safety-net-138233

https://www.erinbromage.com/post/the-risks-know-them-avoid-them

https://quillette.com/2020/04/23/covid-19-superspreader-events-in-28-countries-critical-patterns-and-lessons/

https://coronavirus.jhu.edu/testing

Antibody, Antigen And PCR Tests For COVID-19: Know The Differences

https://www.theatlantic.com/health/archive/2020/04/pandemic-confusing-uncertainty/610819/

https://www.nytimes.com/2020/05/22/health/cdc-coronavirus-touching-surfaces.html

Cameron Kyle-Sidell, MD:

https://www.medscape.com/viewarticle/928156

https://www.wsj.com/articles/coronavirus-hijacks-the-body-from-head-to-toe-perplexing-doctors-11588864248

https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/04/how-does-coronavirus-kill-clinicians-trace-ferocious-rampage-through-body-brain-toes

Recommended Testing Levels

Is Your State Testing Enough To Contain Its Coronavirus Outbreak? : Shots – Health News – https://www.npr.org/sections/health-shots/2020/05/07/851610771/u-s-coronavirus-testing-still-falls-short-hows-your-state-doing

Restriction Levels

What Reopening Roadmaps Look Like In Each State – https://www.npr.org/2020/03/12/815200313/what-governors-are-doing-to-tackle-spreading-coronavirus

Sars-COV-2 RNA Sequencing Breakdown – NYT

https://www.rawstory.com/2020/05/remdesivir-explained-what-makes-this-drug-work-against-viruses/

This is how your immune system reacts to coronavirus

The Hammer and the Dance

Bill Gates Pandemic Health Innovation

How U.S. Coronavirus Diagnoses Are Lagging Behind the Outbreak

Soap works better than hand sanitizer.

Country Curves – 19 MAR 2020

South Korea testing ramp up

Why the Coronavirus Has Been So Successful